Lesson 12 The Power of Film, Video, and Tv in the Classroom

                          This lesson is all about the power of film, and television in the classroom, next to the home and school, I believe television to have a more profound influence on the human race than any other medium of communication. The film, the video and the tv are indeed very powerful that Dale says: it transmit a wide range of audio, it bring models of excellence to the viewer, it bring the world reality to the home and to the classroom through a live broadcast or as mediated through film or videotape, make us see and hear for ourselves world events as they happen, be the most believable news source, make some programs understandable and appealing to a wide variety of age and educational levels, it become a great equalizer of educational opportunity, provide us with sounds and sights not easily available even to the viewer of areal event through long shots, can give opportunity to teachers to view themselves while they teach for purposes of self improvements, can be both instructive and enjoyable.

                         Films are powerful communicators because a person remembers five times more of what he hears and sees (as opposed to what he only hears). The visual element gives the motion picture its special impact; and the bigger the image, the greater the impact. Yet the visual element is often neglected when people show videos. I learned also the basic procedures in the use of TV as a supplementary enrichment, the following are: prepare the classroom, Pre-viewing activities, viewing, and post viewing. The film, video and tv are powerful instructional tools. When they are used appropriately and moderately, they can make the teaching-learning process more concrete, lively, colorful and interactive. It contributes to a more lasting learning because of its visual, audio and motion effects.

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Lesson 11 Making the Most of Community Resources and Field Trips

                            This lesson is all about the field trip, the teacher's comments given above indicate failure of the field trips conducted. This is definitely the consequence of no planning or if ever there was, planning was done poorly. There are procedures must we follow to avoid the failed study trips described above. Planning a field trips includes these steps: preliminary planning by the teacher, pre -planning with others going on the trip and taking the field trip itself and post-field trip follow up activities.
                           Planning should be done to avoid failure in the learning process. Contact people in charge of the locations to visit and make arrangements with them. The time and date should be given precisely as this will help them prepare the location. Transportation is also essential. You should make sure that it is safe to travel in such vehicle.
                           Field trips offer, however, a crucial advantage: They can bring balance to the curriculum. The most popular destinations—museums, zoos, outdoor venues, and performances—have a natural fit with science, history, and the arts, subjects that have been marginalized by our current focus on basic skills.


                                                    

Lesson 10 Demonstrations in Teaching

                     In the demonstration of a new product, the speaker shows the product, tells all the good things about the product to promote it in order to convince the audience that the product is worth buying.
 A demonstration is a teaching method used with both large and small groups. Demonstrations
become more effective when verbalization accompanies them. For example, in a half
demonstration-half lecture, an explanation accompanies the actions performed. It is a generally
accepted learning theory that the greater the degree of active participation and sensory
involvement by the learner, the more effective learning will be.

                                             Advantages 
Utilize several senses; students can see, hear, and possibly experience an actual event
Stimulate interest
Present ideas and concepts more clearly
Provide direct experiences
Reinforce learning
                                            Disadvantages
May fail
May limit participation
May limit audience/client input
Require pre-preparation


                            

                        Demonstrations are valuable tools for teaching both concrete techniques (skills) and abstract concepts (principles). A good demonstration permits a student to learn by observation, a skill we use innately when learning to talk, walk, and even clap our hands. They can be used to teach techniques like conducting a counseling session, using a computer program, or drawing blood for analysis.

Lesson 9 Teaching with dramatized Experiences

                                                        Teaching with Dramatized Experiences

                                All dramatization is essentially a process of communication, in which both participant and spectators are engaged. A creative interaction takes place, a sharing of ideas.Dramatic entrance is something that catches and holds our attention and has an emotional impact. Dramatization of a story means that we are “inside” of events and not “outside”, as often in story reading activity. “the pupils can be liberate to explore, what they understand of the original author’s ideas, they can embellish, expand, create one.
                              Dramatizations together with adults offer an opportunity not only to observe but to practice ‘acting’ skills as well. We can conclude that the story gives shared content to children’s play activity and creates strong motivation.Dramatized experience can range from the formal plays, pageants to less formal tableau, pantomime, puppets, and role playing.

      Plays-depict life, character, or culture or the combination of all three.They offer excellent opportunities to portray vividly important ideas about life.
      Pageants -are usually community dramas that are based on local history, presented by local actors.An example is the historical pageant that traces the growth of a school.
      Pantomime- is the art of conveying a story through bodily movements only.It affects on the audience depends on the movements of the actors.
      Tableau- a french word which means picture. It is a picture-like scene composed of people against a background.It is often used to celebrate Independence Day, Christmas and United Nations day.


            Teaching with dramatized experiences could also include the use of different kinds of puppets which can present ideas with extreme simplicity. As instructional device, the puppet show can involve the entire group of students.
The common puppets use are:
Shadow puppets- flat black silhouette made from light weight cardboard and shown behind the screen.
Rod puppets- flat cut out fingers tacked to a stick.,with one or movable parts, and operated from below the stage level by wire rods or slender sticks.
Hand puppets- the puppet's head is operated by the forefinger the puppeteer, the little finger and thumb being used to animate the puppet hands.
Glove-and-finger-puppet- make use of old gloves to which  small costumed figure are attached.
Marionettes- flexible, jointed puppets operated by strings or wires attached to a cross bar.

Lesson 8 Teaching with Contrived Experiences

                   We teach through a re-arrangement of the raw reality: a specimen, a manageable sample of a whole when the direct experience cannot be used properly in its natural setting. Contrived experiences are those which are designed and arranged closely resembling direct experiences. It is not always possible to let a student have a direct experience of all things; some contrivances such as laboratory experiments, working models, etc. are very useful. Contrary to belief, contrived experiences are usually better than direct experiences. This is because models are made less complex, see-through as also easier and safer to operate.
                     Contrived experience is use to overcome limitations of space and time,to edit reality to focus on parts or a process of a system that intent to study, to overcome difficulties of size, to understand the inaccessible and help the learners understand abstraction.


                           

                 The teacher use simulations and games to make their class interactive and to develop the decision-making skills and knowledge construction skills of their  students.

Lesson 7 Direct, Purposeful Experiences and Beyond

                        From the rich experiences that our senses bring, we construct the ideas, the concepts, the generalizations that give meaning and order to our lives.Whatever skills or concepts we have did not come out of the blue. We spent hours doing the activity by ourselves in order to acquire the skill.

Is a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solution to those problems, involved in all aspects of human learning. Is a very board item. It is the application of scientific findings in our method, process or procedure of working in the field trip of education in order to effect learning. It embraces curriculum and instructional design, learning environment, theories of teaching-learning. It is also a filed study and a profession. It is the use of all human inventions for teachers to realize their mission to teach in order that students learn.

                               


 This are experiences we first encounter in our lives, we learn it by doing, and it became our foundation or based in our learning. In this experience, were we give meaning of what we see or hear and feel. It involves our senses that helps us to construct our own ideas or concept of the things or happenings we experienced.

Lesson 6 Using and Evaluating Instructional Materials

                                                      Using and Evaluating Instructional Materials

                                One of the instructional materials used to attain instructional objectives is field trip.It is enough to bring the class out for a field trip and make them observe anything or everything or use other instructional materials for no preparation and clear reason at all.
                               There have a three Selections of Materials such as Do the materials give a true picture of the ideas they present? Do the materials contribute meaningful content to the topic under study? Is the material appropriate for the age, intelligence, and, experiences of the learners.

                             Instructional materials shall be evaluated and selected according to specified procedures by qualified certified staff to ensure that the materials in the educational structure support the curriculum and meet the diverse needs of students. The instructional materials selected must be age and grade appropriate and must contribute to, and be aligned with, the curriculum and competencies.

                                   

Instructional staff shall consider the following factors in the selection evaluation and use of instructional materials:

• Directly support student achievement

• Impact on instructional time

• Authenticity

• Age/grade appropriateness